第一部分 EKZERCOJ -- 4

anniespera

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<div class="titoleto" style="MARGIN: 9pt 0cm 6pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">§ 4&#46;<xml:namespace prefix="o" ns="urn:schemas-microsoft-comfficeffice" /><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="indented" style="MARGIN: 6pt 0cm"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Times New Roman'">La patro estas bona&#46; — Jen kuŝas la ĉapelo de la patro&#46; — Diru al la patro, ke mi estas diligenta&#46; — Mi amas la patron&#46; — Venu kune kun la patro&#46; — La filo staras apud la patro&#46; — La mano de Johano estas pura&#46; — Mi konas Johanon&#46; — Ludoviko, donu al mi panon&#46; — Mi manĝas per la buŝo kaj flaras per la nazo&#46; — Antaŭ la domo staras arbo&#46; — La patro estas en la ĉambro&#46; <o:p></o:p></span></div></div>

anniespera

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<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">原文试译如下：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="mso-bidi-font-size: 10&#46;5pt"><xml:namespace prefix="o" ns="urn:schemas-microsoft-comfficeffice" /><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">父亲是好人。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">--- </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">看哪，父亲的大檐帽在这儿呢。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">--- </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">告诉爸爸，我很勤奋。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">--- </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我爱爸爸。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">--- </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">和爸爸一起来。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">--- </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">儿子站在父亲旁。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">--- </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">约翰的手是干净的。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">--- </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我认识约翰。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">---</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">路德维克</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">[</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">起源于日耳曼族的男子名</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">]</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">，给我个面包。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">--- </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">我用嘴吃，用鼻子闻。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">--- </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">那栋房前有棵树。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">--- </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">父亲在房间里。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>

anniespera

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<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: green; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">学习体会：</span></strong><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: green"><xml:namespace prefix="o" ns="urn:schemas-microsoft-comfficeffice" /><o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18&#46;0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">1&#46;<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">     </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">冠词的翻译：视情况而定。有时也许可以翻译为“这，这个”，但很多时候可能什么都不翻译更合适。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 18pt; TEXT-INDENT: -18pt; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list 18&#46;0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"><span style="mso-list: Ignore">2&#46;<span style="FONT: 7pt 'Times New Roman'">     </span></span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">“某处有某物”，除了之前我们见过的“</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">esti</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">、</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">kusxi</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">”外</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">, </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这一段又出现了一个词</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">---stari, </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">但并非都能相互替代的。我们看看</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">stari</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">的释义吧：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt 28pt; TEXT-INDENT: -28pt; mso-char-indent-count: -2&#46;0"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">    </span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span style="COLOR: blue">stari:</span></strong> (ntr) </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">①站，立</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">②挺立</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">③静止，不动</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"> </span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: #003366; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">④在，有，位于</span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue"><o:p></o:p></span></strong></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><span style="mso-spacerun: yes">    </span></span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">这里用的是它的第</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt">4</span><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">个义项。</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;5"><span style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'">要多留神例句的具体用法。这里我们回顾一下：</span><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;5"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: green">Kie </span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue">estas</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: green"> la libro kaj la krajono? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;5"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: green">La libro </span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: blue">estas</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: green"> sur la tablo, kaj la krajono </span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: purple">kuŝas</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: green"> sur la fenestro&#46;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;5"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: green">Sur la fenestro </span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: purple">kuŝas</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: green"> krajono kaj plumo&#46;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;5"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: green">Sur la tero </span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: purple">kuŝas</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: green"> ŝtono&#46;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;5"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: green">Antaŭ la domo </span><strong style="mso-bidi-font-weight: normal"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: red">staras</span></strong><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt; COLOR: green"> arbo&#46;<o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="MARGIN: 0cm 0cm 0pt; TEXT-INDENT: 21pt; mso-char-indent-count: 1&#46;5"><span lang="EN-US" style="FONT-SIZE: 14pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></div><br />